Study on Profitable Shared Parking Management Based on Day-to-Day Evolution Model

Parking problems are getting increasingly serious in the urban area. However, the parking spots in the urban area are underutilized rather than really scarce. There is a large number of private spots in the residential areas that have the potential of being shared. Due to its private nature, shared parking is usually operated by a profitable mode. To study the utilization of shared parking and its impact on the morning commute, this paper proposes an evolution model. The supply side is a profit-chasing manager who decides on the selling prices and the business scale, while the demand side refers to travellers who respond to costs and choose the trip mode. By analysing the behaviour (strategy) of both sides, the study covers: 1 - the attraction and competition between parking lots and trip modes, 2 - the utilization and user composition of the parking lots. By inducing two numerical examples, the conclusions are that 1 - managers can achieve maximum profit and optimal allocation through price adjustment and quantity control; 2 - publicity (system cost minimization) and profitability (profit maximization) are consistent under certain threshold conditions; 3 - competition exists between parking lots as well as trip modes; some parking lots are even in short supply; profitable management does not create a market monopoly

Price competition model in decentralized and centralized supply chains with demand disruption

Purpose: The paper studies the price competition of a supply chain with one supplier and two competing retailers under occasional demand disruption. Design/methodology/approach: The supply chain is either decentralized or centralized. The demand disruption for two retailers occurs with different probability. We analyze the effect of occurrence probability of demand disruption on the optimal prices of the supplier and two retailers. Findings: We find that the profits of supplier, retailers and supply chain are decreasing with the occurrence probability of demand disruption. Originality/value: It is helpful for supply chain members to adjust the original contracts to demand disruption.Peer Reviewe

Representation Separation for Semantic Segmentation with Vision Transformers

Vision transformers (ViTs) encoding an image as a sequence of patches bring new paradigms for semantic segmentation.We present an efficient framework of representation separation in local-patch level and global-region level for semantic segmentation with ViTs. It is targeted for the peculiar over-smoothness of ViTs in semantic segmentation, and therefore differs from current popular paradigms of context modeling and most existing related methods reinforcing the advantage of attention. We first deliver the decoupled two-pathway network in which another pathway enhances and passes down local-patch discrepancy complementary to global representations of transformers. We then propose the spatially adaptive separation module to obtain more separate deep representations and the discriminative cross-attention which yields more discriminative region representations through novel auxiliary supervisions. The proposed methods achieve some impressive results: 1) incorporated with large-scale plain ViTs, our methods achieve new state-of-the-art performances on five widely used benchmarks; 2) using masked pre-trained plain ViTs, we achieve 68.9% mIoU on Pascal Context, setting a new record; 3) pyramid ViTs integrated with the decoupled two-pathway network even surpass the well-designed high-resolution ViTs on Cityscapes; 4) the improved representations by our framework have favorable transferability in images with natural corruptions. The codes will be released publicly.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures. This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessibl

Measurement of functional resilience of transport network:The case of the Beijing subway network

Resilience is an important concept for measuring a system\u27s ability to cope with various disruptions. This study proposes an application-oriented framework for measuring the dynamic functional resilience (FR) of a transport network responding to supply and demand disruptions without external interventions. On the conceptual side, three complementary capacity-related dimensions, namely, robustness, adaptability, and recoverability, are incorporated in the single FR framework from the perspective of physical laws. On the applied side, we suggest a measurement model given certain network indices and apply it to the Beijing subway network (BSN). The results indicate the measurement model can capture the dynamics of network performances, identify the time-varying bottlenecks, and predict the influence of the dynamic capacity expansions on network resilience. The findings are useful for policy-making regarding the dynamic design, operation, and reconstruction of the transport infrastructure

Microstructure and texture analysis of δ-hydride precipitation in Zircaloy-4 materials by electron microscopy and neutron diffraction

This work presents a detailed microstructure and texture study of various hydrided Zircaloy-4 materials by neutron diffraction and microscopy. The results show that the precipitated δ-ZrH1.66 generally follows the δ (111) //α (0001) and δ[]//α[] orientation relationship with the α-Zr matrix. The δ-hydride displays a weak texture that is determined by the texture of the α-Zr matrix, and this dependence essentially originates from the observed orientation correlation between α-Zr and δ-hydride. Neutron diffraction line profile analysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observations reveal a significant number of dislocations present in the δ-hydride, with an estimated average density one order of magnitude higher than that in the α-Zr matrix, which contributes to the accommodation of the substantial misfit strains associated with hydride precipitation in the α-Zr matrix. The present observations provide an insight into the behaviour of δ-hydride precipitation in zirconium alloys and may help with understanding the induced embrittling effect of hydrides.Fil: Wang, Zhiyang. University of Wollongong; Australia. Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation; AustraliaFil: Garbe, Ulf. Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation; AustraliaFil: Li, Huijun. University of Wollongong; AustraliaFil: Wang, Yanbo. University of Sydney; AustraliaFil: Studer, Andrew J.. Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation; AustraliaFil: Sun, Guangai. Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, CAEP; ChinaFil: Harrison, Robert P.. Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Institute of Materials Engineering; AustraliaFil: Liao, Xiaozhou. University of Sydney; AustraliaFil: Vicente Alvarez, Miguel Angel. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Santisteban, Javier Roberto. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Kong, Charlie. University of New South Wales; Australi

Characterising User Transfer Amid Industrial Resource Variation: A Bayesian Nonparametric Approach

In a multitude of industrial fields, a key objective entails optimising resource management whilst satisfying user requirements. Resource management by industrial practitioners can result in a passive transfer of user loads across resource providers, a phenomenon whose accurate characterisation is both challenging and crucial. This research reveals the existence of user clusters, which capture macro-level user transfer patterns amid resource variation. We then propose CLUSTER, an interpretable hierarchical Bayesian nonparametric model capable of automating cluster identification, and thereby predicting user transfer in response to resource variation. Furthermore, CLUSTER facilitates uncertainty quantification for further reliable decision-making. Our method enables privacy protection by functioning independently of personally identifiable information. Experiments with simulated and real-world data from the communications industry reveal a pronounced alignment between prediction results and empirical observations across a spectrum of resource management scenarios. This research establishes a solid groundwork for advancing resource management strategy development

Co-infections with Plasmodium knowlesi and Other Malaria Parasites, Myanmar

To determine the frequency of co-infections with Plasmodium species in southern Myanmar, we investigated the prevalence of P. knowlesi. More than 20% of patients with malaria had P. knowlesi infection, which occurred predominantly as a co-infection with either P. falciparum or P. vivax